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Executive Summary
Captain Kimo and Sam formed a company called Ocean Adventures who were into the Ocean parasailing business. Ocean adventures were located at the Waianae boat harbour which was on the west shore of the Oahu Island. The harbour on the other hand was owned and maintained by the department of transportation harbour’s division, state of the Hawaii. Ocean adventures and Blue Hawaiian Parasail (BHP) both were assisted by the state government to run their businesses by providing concessions and grants to them. Ocean adventures came into existence in the year 1980 by partners Captain Kimo and Sam, only because of the love and passion they had for the sport and the ocean. In the year 1984, OA was able to buy another second hand boat to cater to the growth in business.
Ocean adventure mainly spread its awareness through the medium of advertisements, in which Captain Kimo liked to advertise himself as the brand ambassador for the business. They also gained noticeable amount of customers by Advertisements in magazines and word of mouth publicity. Being the first ones to start this business, OA were also fortunate enough to do business in a completely monopolistic market for many years. When time came to deal with competition they thought more of the short term solutions rather than preparing themselves for the long term ones. Hence, they had to lower their price and they could not gain enough profits even to cover their operating costs.
The first competitor who came forward and challenged the market share of ocean adventures was a former employee, Lynelle. Lynelle saw the loop holes in OA and saw this as an opportunity. She solely started this company because she was aware that even after giving a big discount to customers a good amount of profit can be made. Lynelle was unable to handle the pressure as OA also responded with equally competitive price.
BHP was formed by Edward who first entered into the market with a different product to offer to the customer. His main aim was to cater to the needs of those customers who were quite experienced and wanted longer and higher sailing rides. This went on for 3 years till Edward established himself and saw a potential market in commercial parasailing. He started offering lower prices to the entire market and started to attract the major market share that was of ocean adventures. Further also they provided attracted commissions to its employees as well. BHP used very aggressive and sometimes unethical tactics to attract customers.
Captain Kimo who was the owner of the ocean adventures on the other hand had an experience of 20 years in the parasailing market and had a transactional leadership style. The company came into existence only because captain had a passion about parasailing and also had attained a thorough and deep understanding and knowledge about the market demands. The other hand one thing that annoyed captain Kimo was that his competitor was using illicit and unethical business tactics to steal the customers of ocean adventures.
Therefore ocean adventure also extended a hand of friendship towards BHP so that both the businesses could work together hand in hand with mutual benefits; however this was again an unsuccessful attempt due to lack of trust. Ocean adventure also launch its own company called the Ocean Sail Hawaii, which would offer a brand image at lower prices, in order to cope with the price fluctuations that BHP was causing. This could have worked if they planned it well.
Example: Qantas airlines, Australia was suffering from all the competition by other no frill airlines. Qantas couldn’t afford to reduce prices to that of no frill airlines as they would then suffer losses. Hence, they setup Jetstar to compete with other smaller airlines.
In the case of Ocean Adventures this failed because they used the same boats and the same staff. And hence this move may look misleading to customers.
Showing posts with label Assignment. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Assignment. Show all posts
Saturday, 22 May 2010
Starbucks Coffee Company in the 21st Century
Executive Summary
“If Starbucks is one full text twenty chapters of books just but turn to chapter three for the moment.” commented by Howard Schultz.
Starbucks Coffee was established in 1971 by Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker in Seattle. Since 1982 Howard Schultz became the market and retailing department managers Starbucks had the huge changed at the coffee market. Four years later, he bought the Starbucks.
Since Starbucks Company is listed, the record of the sales amount is improving by 20% annually. Even when economic depression, the state of retail business is very bad, the volume of the flow of passengers of Starbucks cafe still keeps 6% for every year. The more peculiar one is, Starbucks hardly advertises, the enterprise planning of marketing is pitiably little too, the expenses that it uses for the advertisement only accounts for percent of its annual income.
During 1989 to 1999, Starbucks has already opened a lot of branches all over the world, its mispronounced character of green bottom, sea maid who wore crown have already become the person who has liked coffee in the whole world to know very well. Starbucks expands by way of frank camp, not advertising either, but the income exceeds the sum of the stock market incomes of big companies such as Pepsi Cola, coca-cola, Microsoft, etc. Report “vigorous new brand and retailer most” a lot of finance and economics magazine too, the sea maid indicate that swims over to all parts of the world, create the legends of global enterprises.
However, the fail of Starbucks had been seen for the past few years. Due to the rapid extended and ignored its organized systems. At the end of the report, we had listed few suggestions for Starbucks which would feet the next decades and survive with the shock of Chinese Culture.
Table of contents
1. Corporate Mission 4
1.1 Relations of staff 4
1.2 Customer’s relation 4
1.3 Supplier’s relation 4
1.4 Relation of cooperating trader 5
2. Industry structure 5
2.1 Market orientation 5
2.2 The commercial circles chooses 6
2.3 Tactics of site selection 7
2.3.1 Procedure of site selection 7
2.3.2 Site selection standard 8
2.3.3 Feasibility analysis 9
3. SWOT analysis 10
Strengths: 10
Weaknesses 11
Opportunities 11
Threats 12
4. Core competencies and competitive advantage 13
5. Strategy recommendations 19
6. Potential fallout 21
7. Bibliography: 22
1. Corporate Mission
“The relation theory “is Starbucks’ key values; important equally with curing the high-quality coffee bean. Key values of Starbucks run through company business all the time, such key values origin and around on interpersonal “relation“.
The relation assets of Starbucks include four respects:
1.1 Relations of staff
Success of Starbucks benefits from attention in “the relation theory “mainly relationship with staff. Starbucks, no matter which market is entered, all never advertise on the media, and totally rely on the staff to do marketing. The each inter-dynamic between staff and consumer are the greatest decisive factor of Starbucks’ brand impression. The staff will influence consumers’ quality, if the staff has low morale. So use expenditure of advertisement for change welfare and training to use for staff actually Starbucks. Starbucks creates the environment and encourages staff improving oneself, exchange and cooperation still through the valid reward policy. Because all staff has an option, they are called as “the cooperative partner “. Starbucks plans to train loyal staff with “the relations of staff “, and the staff have just served out the highly loyal customer, this is Starbucks real advantage.
1.2 Customer’s relation
As market competition being fierce day by day, the concern about customer’s relation of enterprises intensifies sharply. So Starbucks regards customer’s relation as a kind of assets of the company, has established good “the relation “ and become the strategic core of Starbucks with the customer.
1.3 Supplier’s relation
To any enterprise, the relation with supplier is essential and especially key goods and supplier of the additional service. Starbucks consumes a large number of manpower, material resources, financial resources to develop a supplier, so hope to keep the relation steady in a long-term, it is but not only the simple supervision price to cooperate and control prices actively. As to Starbucks, the supplier is just like the staff; need to cost a lot of fund and training them.
1.4 Relation of cooperating trader
In order to make customers experience the service of Starbucks in more places, besides branch of Starbucks, Starbucks through and airport, bookstore, hotel, department store, etc. whether cooperation come sell products. The assets management of the cooperation of Starbucks still displays in the relation with house owner. Starbucks pays great attention to the relation with owner to manage, is devoted to creating the win-win way of running a shop with the owner together.
2. Industry structure
In the coffee chain trade of the world, Starbucks has become the goal that everybody studies and imitates. Starbucks can have such behavior, benefits from its accurate market orientation, original commercial circles and location of shop to choose the tactics, and design the distinctive shop.
2.1 Market orientation
Starbucks position oneself independent family, work “the third space” beyond being, market of its goal is that one group pays attention to enjoying, lying fallow, advocating the middle class of knowledge, urban white collar.
Correspond with market orientation, Starbucks always appears in the metropolitan flourishing shopping center, it is “the luxury goods which the majority can afford to bear “that its price makes a reservation, inherit” work hard, the value that enjoyed and lived actively” is advocated. Because the coffee drink is its products of main profit, for the commercial ability to guarantee coffee of Starbucks, it has been never disconnected that the glamour that Starbucks is devoted to the main drink is built; this makes it get consumer's more favors than the competitor.
In Starbucks, while people buy coffee who buys a kind of very important things at the same time as well; An experience, a life style.
2.2 The commercial circles chooses
The choice of the commercial circles is concerning the range, level, scale of the shop, number of the cost of investment of cafe consumers, retrieving aspect questions such as the quantity of benefit and branch, etc. Hence Starbucks when selecting where one stays commercial circles, have two plant, click, want it and management variety, price of cafe, fit up scale, grade link up, confirm the place to run a shop; Second, understand with the local conditions and customs and agreeing with of the life style, consider local population parameter and other parameter synthetically, predict, select area a future one expansionary. In addition, will investigate the competition capability of the same trade or business and determine the focal point of management finally.
As to Starbucks, choose to be a key to its rapid development in success of the commercial circles, because people can not often patronize the insufficient or too far cafe of a “the convenience” absolutely, so, Starbucks runs a shop only in the quintessence location of urban area intensively, until letting competitors have no space getting involved at all.
2.3 Tactics of site selection
The place is primary factor managed in coffee chain store. Selecting site correctly of the chain store, not only it’s prerequisite to success, but also realize standardization of chain operation, simplifies, specialized precondition and foundation. Starbucks can obtain so brilliant achievement; can not separate instead of the successful site selection tactics. Site selection tactics of Starbucks include procedure of selecting site.
Site selection tactics of Starbucks include: procedure of selecting site, select site standard and feasibility analysis:
2.3.1 Procedure of site selection
The affirmation of the position to running a shop specifically of Starbucks, have a set of independent procedure of oneself. First of all, Starbucks will choose from the commerce which raise the body architecturally, is unified by the owner and hired out but not sold to the outside, this is first-selection of Starbucks. Because the trade company hired out wholly, is usually large-scale commercial facilities, they will have localization of the whole, until what kind of conduct to the requirement of trade company it will be each stage (train, develop, extend and mature period), there is very detailed planning, this facilitates propaganda popularization of Starbucks. Secondly, Starbucks will choose the large-scale show surface externally which is the first layer of positions at the front, as a result had shown, the convenience increase letting customers enter and leave in such a position.
2.3.2 Site selection standard
Starbucks has special real estate, structure, building and designs the team, have a group of specialized realtor, designer and artist, specially offer for Starbucks shop of the whole world and select site and design guidance.
Can strengthen the brand image:
Starbucks poses as masterpiece coffee so run a shop in the position and insist on according with the location of masterpieces, as if the financial building or World Trade Center is the good place to run a shop.
The sufficient flow of the people:
Starbucks hopes to offer another place very clear and bringing consumer's attention directly on the cafe most, the more important thing is to measure one's own target consumer's flow of the people, elect the location suitable most from it.
The properties of commercial circles are good:
Judge the properties of commercial circles, then compare with the commercial circles that Starbucks has done one to predict relevantly.
Rely on the good neighbour:
Coffee retail business is one of the industries of paying attention to the atmosphere of sales field most, consumer's consumption is absolutely not merely a cup of coffee, whom they value experiencing the atmosphere while consuming coffee. It is not enough that this kind of feeling depends on hotel owner's own environment designs only, need cooperation of environmental style of neighbor border. So Starbucks, while choosing the location of shop, should consider the neighbour, the good neighbour can make a show of power each other.
2.3.3 Feasibility analysis
Accurate feasibility is analyzed, is the key that Starbucks runs a shop and succeeds. In the feasible analysis report of Starbucks, include such contents:
The analysis of the place:
Analyze the future development of the whole place. Besides analyzing the advantage of the place, consider coming in the contingent inferior position. The only development of the competition situation to future analyzes, carry on the assessment with some relevant uncertain factors.
The detailed financial affairs are analyzed:
The financial affairs of Starbucks are analyzed, not only make fixed cost analysis but also make the cost analysis of flow ability.
For every place, Starbucks will consider within one's own planning:
Starbucks does a plan every five years, locks general development position and reason. Furthermore, Starbucks have independent expansion department responsible for, select some matters, choice, investigation, design, and instrument the shop.
3. SWOT analysis
Strengths:
Deep brand leader, whole world heavy coffee chain store most that favor knowing how, collocating fittings sell
1. The brain drain rate is low
2. Brand awareness is high
3. Issue of frequent visitor's certificate
4. The products are diversified
5. The straight camp sells
6. Combine the peripheral products
7. Know-how of the parent company
Starbucks Company is a very lucrative organization, in 2004, it charges over 5,000,000,000 dollars to gather together the camp over 600,000,000 dollars and company. This it is one global coffee brand that set up in one reputation good product and service. This company is a respect employer's values, its workforce. Deserve the statement with very strong ethical values and ethical mission of the organization as follows, Starbucks is devoted to a role's environmental leader's business in each aspect of enterprise.
Weaknesses
On sale throughout color too serious and selling and costing an arm and a leg, not setting up and sucking Yan district
1. The seats are insufficient in the shop
2. Branch's misdistributions
3. The commodity price is on the high side
4. The money of right is high
5. Backward undertaking
New product development and creativity are Starbucks' good reputation. However, they are still very fragile, easy possibility; its innovation may waver as time goes on. This organization has a strong existence, over 3/4 are set up and competed on the domestic market in U.S.A. People often argue, they need to seek a country of investment combination, in order to propagate the risk on the business. This organization is to depend on a main competition advantage, coffee of the retail business. Unless so it can make by them the slow, in order to dispersing to departments other, should necessary problem.
Opportunities
Making the best of the large figure of chain store gives play to the advantage of the large-scale production to enter into an alliance with tactics
1. The living standard is improved
2. Hide the great business opportunity
3. Concept of the third space
4. Set up e-commerce
5. Open-up of the overseas investment market
6. The exhibition shop is fast
Starbucks is very good at utilizing the opportunity. In 2004, company this create one CD cook, record, serve, in their California Santa Monica (California of U.S.A.) ,Coffee house and Hewlett-Packard, which place is the customer in, creates one's own music CD. New products and service can be in their coffee house at the retail price, such as implementing the fair trade products. This company has an opportunity to expand its global business. The country of the area is beginning to appear for new coffee of market such as along India and the Pacific Ocean. Food and beverage of common brand and other manufacturer, and the franchises of brand, other goods and service of the manufacturers of Israel are all potential.
Threats
Tall tree catches the wind, market of coffee has already become ripe, substitutes have been numerous and easy to imitate
1. The traditional compounding type of bake house, management of the chain coffee house
2. It is low to enter the obstacle
3. Health consciousness resumes
Who knows that in the future, if will increase to buy coffee on the market, staying and agreeing and customer, the beverage of another type or recreation activity, will replace coffee? It is numerous that success of Starbucks enables and enters the market
4. Core competencies and competitive advantage
4.1 chain operation and management
Success of Starbucks has attracted a lot of investors to demand to cooperate by way of shop allied. Develop in adopting the straight camp's chain inside Starbucks, emerge and dispute in or franchise operation development.
Generally speaking, the way of chains can be divided three kinds different chains: Straight camp's chain, voluntary chain, chain of licensing.
However Starbucks insist on going in the straight camp of the companies foreign all the time, do not all need the shop allied in the whole world.
For over 30 years, Starbucks has insisted on going in the straight camp of the company all the time externally, does not need the shop allied in the whole world. If the mode allied that Starbucks adopts “traffic the right of joining“ like a lot of leaders is expanded, its development speed is certain to be much quicker than now, but unfavorable to the control on quality of Starbucks. For example Starbucks for offer customer best coffee, never stingy to scrap supplies. But if join right open, it is very difficult to require the boss of each shop allied insists on increasing the cost and scrapping. Meanwhile, joining development will encounter all sorts of risks, for example expand blindly, cause the operation level of the whole system to be different, take shape - The shop sustaining economic losses in large batches, reduce Starbucks' brand value finally. In addition, Starbucks must also possess very strong legal affairs handling capacity, with should to with various legal questions of producing of joining etc. So, in order to prevent Starbucks' brand from receiving the unnecessary interference, Starbucks determines not to open right of joining.
Outwardly, in these kinds of cooperative ways of Starbucks and enterprises from all parts of the world, it is the same as joining type of operation that it does not take shares, authorize management way completely. However, Starbucks is in one country or one area such as Singapore, Beijing (authorize and manage Starbucks on the market of North China of China) Wait, look for a more strong big company to carry on authorized cooperation, it is not the same category with the usually said joining chain.
The advantage of straight camp's development is very obvious, but there is sizable limitation. The quantity wants the restriction of the scale raised funds to run a shop, development speed will be generally developed slowly in franchise operation. In addition, it is entered that some monopoly areas are very difficult, such as airport etc.. So, Starbucks has adopted the flexible tactics, on the basis of insisting on the principle that the frank camp develops into the main fact, develop a small amount of franchise operation shops too. In 1991, Starbucks authorized Murray special company of the airport of Hal, Ou of Chicago to manage Starbucks cafe for the first time, all took the mode allied at several airports and some campuses from then on.
In addition, take flexible investment and cooperative way in market situation still on the basis of the all parts of the world of Starbucks.
Generally speaking, the stock right that Starbucks general headquarters holds in a certain area is the larger in proportion, mean the more important to it the market of this place is. In addition, Starbucks has also made the strict choice cooperator's standard, comprises, for example, the cooperator's reputation, control ability of quality, with training the staff with the standard of Starbucks.
The development way in China's Mainland of Starbucks is comparatively flexible too. In fact, Starbucks has taken the authorized way in the area in China's Mainland, the person who licenses area invests money in developing the straight camp's shop oneself, itself is straight camp and a kind of association of mode allied. It is exactly such flexible investment tactics and cooperative way, make Starbucks group while having an optimistic view of the Chinese market, strengthen investment, increase shareholding ratio to 50%. This has indicated U.S.A. is to the attention of this area, there will be more input in the future.
4.2 Standard homework
The standard and meaning the high efficiency in unison is the key content of the modern chain's operation and management. Under the operating systems of standard and unity, each chain store carries on homework and management according to the unified standard; realize the normal and best benefit. The chain should combine management of the materials, qualitative analysis with managing live, make a set of standardized homework norms. Everybody guard norm rigidly, could can't control factor bring minimum down to, can also prevent personal fault from cause damages to whole enterprise at the same time.
A word like this spreads in IT industry: "It is a winner who makes the standard whom." Intel has created the standard of the IT industry; Starbucks has created the standard of the coffee trade. This old trade, there was not a standard in the past, not merely there is a standard of coffee now, even water, temperature, milk and cup, Starbucks has all redesigned, standardize it.
Starbucks lets people think coffee has sagacity, very romantic thing. It redesigns the machine which is made coffee, then coffee rubs and makes, cooks different, there are new standards.
The standard of Starbucks involves operating and managing the different fields, not merely including coffee bean is cured and the staff serves, still display it in their strict standard for selection to the coffee bean.
The coffee raw materials chosen carefully send coffee of Starbucks to cure the room in time, accept curing and mixing of the experienced operator according to the strict standard, is put into the freshness protection package and transported to the chain store of Starbucks or whole seller's handed subsequently.
The freshness protection package is specially designed by Starbucks, prevent air and moisture from entering in order to keep the products fresh, Starbucks stipulates to this strictly: Once open the freshness protection package, the coffee bean among them must be sold within seven days out, otherwise pour out.
In every Starbucks, each staff must remember, give customer " perfect coffee " Starbucks thick to contract coffee, the machine is with the high pressure, high temperature (generally from 18 seconds to 23 seconds) Go out of a cup of coffee, send to customer within ten seconds. If has not reached this standard, coffee should pour out, can be regarded as the running cost. Starbucks, in order to let the customer smell once entering the shop coffee is fragrant, but not destroyed by other smell, can't smoke in the shop, the staff go to work even perfume can't use the time.
The standard of Starbucks still embodies in their very nitpicking coffee bean, from variety to form of the producing area, particle, etc., every link has a strict standard; Starbucks has not been allowed not judging strictly by the expert definitely. Coffee bean last market, judge it cost coffee to judge 100,000 cup more than every year expert it’s the coffees. Comment with cup France choose coffee bean, determine perfect intensity of curing, make to have flavour can at all release alone every coffee.
In addition, Starbucks has made the strict cooperator has chosen accurately: The cooperator's reputation, commitments to quality, with training the staff with the standard of Starbucks.
4.3 Communicate and manage
In Starbucks, have communicated into the focal points of coffee chain management and administration in an all-round way, its concrete content includes the communication with the staff, with the customer's communication and with three respects of the supplier's communication.
With the staff's communication
The open way of communication is a part of Starbucks' principle. In Starbucks, disclose the forum to open for several times in one year, tells the staff the major issue that the company happens recently, explain the financial situation, allow the staff to question to senior administration and supervision authorities, bring new information to administration and supervision authorities at the same time. In addition, the company publishes to the staff and writes letters regularly, these letters are usually questions about company's development; there are employee welfare and shareholder's scheme too.
In order to make the staff of the enthusiastic work have an opportunity to put forward one's own good idea, improve the work of the company in time, the manager of Starbucks Company comes and goes and holds employee's discussion between each city every whole season, collect and advise, discuss from working environment to various questions on sale throughout the tactics. People propose various queries, discuss the thing that they care about, criticize and praise at the meeting, or only state one's views on how to take on the management.
With the customer's communication
Starbucks thinks their products are not merely coffee, and the experience of the cafe. For experience to strengthen customer, Starbucks pay attention to especially communication of customer. One of its main competitive strategies, but exchange with the customer in the cafe, every waiter should accept a series of to train, for instance basically sell skill, coffee ABC, coffee making skill, etc. Starbucks requires every waiter to expect the customer's demand.
With the supplier's communication
Confirm cooperation, of both sides representative conference meet three once 4 in first year, do strategic business to assess every half a year or one year later. The more strategic products or strategic region is, the more frequent top personnel got involved. Later, Starbucks will also send the supplier for year of cooperation of two and evaluate the report, the content involves being in many aspects, including the supplier's output, needing the improved place, etc.. In addition, both sides will also develop and frequently keep in touch on production efficiency, raising the quality, new product. For example: How to improve the competence of supplying after the supplier, how to control the expenditure rationally by supplying, will also appraise to the happy intensity of mutual cooperation finally, both sides all need improved place, etc. after pointing out.
5. Strategy recommendations
By the marketing analysis of four C:
Customer
Clear, lock particular consumption group, product except diversification, incorporate local life at the same time, let the customer feel cordial and is familiar with, can meet customer's demands.
Convenience
Starbucks all sets up the retail sales in a dozen countries of the whole world, only the retail sales has already spread to every area of throwing etc. at present in Taiwan, but prove its convenience consumed.
Cost
Though the price hits the high price, basically most consumers can all consume the products enjoyed.
Communication
The inter-dynamic relation between paying much attention to and guest, the service is intimate and good. In addition, use and experience marketing and let the customer assert the products, and then produce the acceptance, sense of ownership.
Hence, Starbucks have these weakness points:
(1) The price is a little bit high
Though in many aspects good than other terms of house, so respect of price high to can be regarded as naturally even a bit. How much but difference to lie in high and high, some are the customer who is consumed ethnicity of par after all; it is very possible because of the level to the price, and transfer to other hotel owner's sale. It will have resulted in losing one group of consumers.
(2) Application of science and technology
Have already created the cafe with scale now, certainly will add much more from hand this way, but manpower is limited, if use and come to assist the staff more on science and technology, perhaps at efficiency add the result divided so, probably shrink by one in cost too.
(3) The exposing rate of advertisement is extremely low
Though Starbucks regards staff as a way of marketing, can understand the customer's demand and establish good relation even more, but the range that can propagate is limited after all, so lack some persons and does not know Starbucks, so a lot of most customers consuming for the first time consume via relatives and friends' introduction, so should strengthen the exposing rate of advertisement of Starbucks, expand market share and encourage adopting the action of buying.
6. Potential fallout
As Starbucks extend rapidly, the standard of management would be ignored which includes: consumers’ abilities, employees’ qualifications, and the 25 seconds of coffeemaker.
Brand and Fashion were the reason of Starbucks’ success. And it stood with high standard insisted. In fact, as we studied how successful of Starbucks. There were 600 shops closed and more then 12,000 people layoff in USA 2006.
The reason would not only the economics but also the loss of fresh.
As the mention above: prices, spread by employees and advertisement. Furthermore, the culture shock will be the mainly issue of the next decades.
In China, we have both well known the abilities of consumers. Starbucks won’t be longer existed if they could not change the tactic of straight camp's chain.
There are some suggestions for Starbucks that would maintain its leader position of coffee market:
1. Keep the qualifications of employees’ training
2. Cost down every unnecessary out bone.
3. Maintain the profits and benefits for “bean stock” and stock holders.
4. Face to Chinese Culture; to set up a tactic system.
That is the older aphorism “use Chinese to face Chinese culture”.
Believe or not, Starbucks still have the good reputation and finance. Intensify its strong points to cover the threats. Or disappear in next decades.
7. Bibliography:
http://baroque888.webdiy.com.tw/news-detail.asp?lang=1&doc_id=67 accessed by 2nd May 2010
http://coffee.24h.com.tw/ accessed by 1st May 2010
http://editorjoe.blogspot.com/2008_07_13_archive.html accessed by 17 May 2010
http://manage.org.cn/Article/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=8 accessed by 17 May 2010
http://manager.china-ef.com/article/2010-03-19/182931.shtml accessed by 11 May 2010
http://shs.tngs.tn.edu.tw/essay/post/upload/9310/9310_63 accessed by 12 May 2010
http://www.1to1.com.cn/Article/content.asp?id=2391 accessed by 13 May 2010
http://www.businessweekly.com.tw accessed by 16 May 2010
http://www.cheers.com.tw/content/030/030042.asp accessed by 10May 2010
http://www.i18.cn/newscenter/news/guojinews/2004-7-8/17583.shtml accessed by 15 May 2010
http://www.lmcafe.com/web2.html accessed by 11 May 2010
http://www.starbucks.com accessed by 13 May 2010
http://www2.worldvision.org.tw/See.asp?serial=994 accessed by 15 May 2010
Mark Pendergrast（2000）：Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World。
“If Starbucks is one full text twenty chapters of books just but turn to chapter three for the moment.” commented by Howard Schultz.
Starbucks Coffee was established in 1971 by Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker in Seattle. Since 1982 Howard Schultz became the market and retailing department managers Starbucks had the huge changed at the coffee market. Four years later, he bought the Starbucks.
Since Starbucks Company is listed, the record of the sales amount is improving by 20% annually. Even when economic depression, the state of retail business is very bad, the volume of the flow of passengers of Starbucks cafe still keeps 6% for every year. The more peculiar one is, Starbucks hardly advertises, the enterprise planning of marketing is pitiably little too, the expenses that it uses for the advertisement only accounts for percent of its annual income.
During 1989 to 1999, Starbucks has already opened a lot of branches all over the world, its mispronounced character of green bottom, sea maid who wore crown have already become the person who has liked coffee in the whole world to know very well. Starbucks expands by way of frank camp, not advertising either, but the income exceeds the sum of the stock market incomes of big companies such as Pepsi Cola, coca-cola, Microsoft, etc. Report “vigorous new brand and retailer most” a lot of finance and economics magazine too, the sea maid indicate that swims over to all parts of the world, create the legends of global enterprises.
However, the fail of Starbucks had been seen for the past few years. Due to the rapid extended and ignored its organized systems. At the end of the report, we had listed few suggestions for Starbucks which would feet the next decades and survive with the shock of Chinese Culture.
Table of contents
1. Corporate Mission 4
1.1 Relations of staff 4
1.2 Customer’s relation 4
1.3 Supplier’s relation 4
1.4 Relation of cooperating trader 5
2. Industry structure 5
2.1 Market orientation 5
2.2 The commercial circles chooses 6
2.3 Tactics of site selection 7
2.3.1 Procedure of site selection 7
2.3.2 Site selection standard 8
2.3.3 Feasibility analysis 9
3. SWOT analysis 10
Strengths: 10
Weaknesses 11
Opportunities 11
Threats 12
4. Core competencies and competitive advantage 13
5. Strategy recommendations 19
6. Potential fallout 21
7. Bibliography: 22
1. Corporate Mission
“The relation theory “is Starbucks’ key values; important equally with curing the high-quality coffee bean. Key values of Starbucks run through company business all the time, such key values origin and around on interpersonal “relation“.
The relation assets of Starbucks include four respects:
1.1 Relations of staff
Success of Starbucks benefits from attention in “the relation theory “mainly relationship with staff. Starbucks, no matter which market is entered, all never advertise on the media, and totally rely on the staff to do marketing. The each inter-dynamic between staff and consumer are the greatest decisive factor of Starbucks’ brand impression. The staff will influence consumers’ quality, if the staff has low morale. So use expenditure of advertisement for change welfare and training to use for staff actually Starbucks. Starbucks creates the environment and encourages staff improving oneself, exchange and cooperation still through the valid reward policy. Because all staff has an option, they are called as “the cooperative partner “. Starbucks plans to train loyal staff with “the relations of staff “, and the staff have just served out the highly loyal customer, this is Starbucks real advantage.
1.2 Customer’s relation
As market competition being fierce day by day, the concern about customer’s relation of enterprises intensifies sharply. So Starbucks regards customer’s relation as a kind of assets of the company, has established good “the relation “ and become the strategic core of Starbucks with the customer.
1.3 Supplier’s relation
To any enterprise, the relation with supplier is essential and especially key goods and supplier of the additional service. Starbucks consumes a large number of manpower, material resources, financial resources to develop a supplier, so hope to keep the relation steady in a long-term, it is but not only the simple supervision price to cooperate and control prices actively. As to Starbucks, the supplier is just like the staff; need to cost a lot of fund and training them.
1.4 Relation of cooperating trader
In order to make customers experience the service of Starbucks in more places, besides branch of Starbucks, Starbucks through and airport, bookstore, hotel, department store, etc. whether cooperation come sell products. The assets management of the cooperation of Starbucks still displays in the relation with house owner. Starbucks pays great attention to the relation with owner to manage, is devoted to creating the win-win way of running a shop with the owner together.
2. Industry structure
In the coffee chain trade of the world, Starbucks has become the goal that everybody studies and imitates. Starbucks can have such behavior, benefits from its accurate market orientation, original commercial circles and location of shop to choose the tactics, and design the distinctive shop.
2.1 Market orientation
Starbucks position oneself independent family, work “the third space” beyond being, market of its goal is that one group pays attention to enjoying, lying fallow, advocating the middle class of knowledge, urban white collar.
Correspond with market orientation, Starbucks always appears in the metropolitan flourishing shopping center, it is “the luxury goods which the majority can afford to bear “that its price makes a reservation, inherit” work hard, the value that enjoyed and lived actively” is advocated. Because the coffee drink is its products of main profit, for the commercial ability to guarantee coffee of Starbucks, it has been never disconnected that the glamour that Starbucks is devoted to the main drink is built; this makes it get consumer's more favors than the competitor.
In Starbucks, while people buy coffee who buys a kind of very important things at the same time as well; An experience, a life style.
2.2 The commercial circles chooses
The choice of the commercial circles is concerning the range, level, scale of the shop, number of the cost of investment of cafe consumers, retrieving aspect questions such as the quantity of benefit and branch, etc. Hence Starbucks when selecting where one stays commercial circles, have two plant, click, want it and management variety, price of cafe, fit up scale, grade link up, confirm the place to run a shop; Second, understand with the local conditions and customs and agreeing with of the life style, consider local population parameter and other parameter synthetically, predict, select area a future one expansionary. In addition, will investigate the competition capability of the same trade or business and determine the focal point of management finally.
As to Starbucks, choose to be a key to its rapid development in success of the commercial circles, because people can not often patronize the insufficient or too far cafe of a “the convenience” absolutely, so, Starbucks runs a shop only in the quintessence location of urban area intensively, until letting competitors have no space getting involved at all.
2.3 Tactics of site selection
The place is primary factor managed in coffee chain store. Selecting site correctly of the chain store, not only it’s prerequisite to success, but also realize standardization of chain operation, simplifies, specialized precondition and foundation. Starbucks can obtain so brilliant achievement; can not separate instead of the successful site selection tactics. Site selection tactics of Starbucks include procedure of selecting site.
Site selection tactics of Starbucks include: procedure of selecting site, select site standard and feasibility analysis:
2.3.1 Procedure of site selection
The affirmation of the position to running a shop specifically of Starbucks, have a set of independent procedure of oneself. First of all, Starbucks will choose from the commerce which raise the body architecturally, is unified by the owner and hired out but not sold to the outside, this is first-selection of Starbucks. Because the trade company hired out wholly, is usually large-scale commercial facilities, they will have localization of the whole, until what kind of conduct to the requirement of trade company it will be each stage (train, develop, extend and mature period), there is very detailed planning, this facilitates propaganda popularization of Starbucks. Secondly, Starbucks will choose the large-scale show surface externally which is the first layer of positions at the front, as a result had shown, the convenience increase letting customers enter and leave in such a position.
2.3.2 Site selection standard
Starbucks has special real estate, structure, building and designs the team, have a group of specialized realtor, designer and artist, specially offer for Starbucks shop of the whole world and select site and design guidance.
Can strengthen the brand image:
Starbucks poses as masterpiece coffee so run a shop in the position and insist on according with the location of masterpieces, as if the financial building or World Trade Center is the good place to run a shop.
The sufficient flow of the people:
Starbucks hopes to offer another place very clear and bringing consumer's attention directly on the cafe most, the more important thing is to measure one's own target consumer's flow of the people, elect the location suitable most from it.
The properties of commercial circles are good:
Judge the properties of commercial circles, then compare with the commercial circles that Starbucks has done one to predict relevantly.
Rely on the good neighbour:
Coffee retail business is one of the industries of paying attention to the atmosphere of sales field most, consumer's consumption is absolutely not merely a cup of coffee, whom they value experiencing the atmosphere while consuming coffee. It is not enough that this kind of feeling depends on hotel owner's own environment designs only, need cooperation of environmental style of neighbor border. So Starbucks, while choosing the location of shop, should consider the neighbour, the good neighbour can make a show of power each other.
2.3.3 Feasibility analysis
Accurate feasibility is analyzed, is the key that Starbucks runs a shop and succeeds. In the feasible analysis report of Starbucks, include such contents:
The analysis of the place:
Analyze the future development of the whole place. Besides analyzing the advantage of the place, consider coming in the contingent inferior position. The only development of the competition situation to future analyzes, carry on the assessment with some relevant uncertain factors.
The detailed financial affairs are analyzed:
The financial affairs of Starbucks are analyzed, not only make fixed cost analysis but also make the cost analysis of flow ability.
For every place, Starbucks will consider within one's own planning:
Starbucks does a plan every five years, locks general development position and reason. Furthermore, Starbucks have independent expansion department responsible for, select some matters, choice, investigation, design, and instrument the shop.
3. SWOT analysis
Strengths:
Deep brand leader, whole world heavy coffee chain store most that favor knowing how, collocating fittings sell
1. The brain drain rate is low
2. Brand awareness is high
3. Issue of frequent visitor's certificate
4. The products are diversified
5. The straight camp sells
6. Combine the peripheral products
7. Know-how of the parent company
Starbucks Company is a very lucrative organization, in 2004, it charges over 5,000,000,000 dollars to gather together the camp over 600,000,000 dollars and company. This it is one global coffee brand that set up in one reputation good product and service. This company is a respect employer's values, its workforce. Deserve the statement with very strong ethical values and ethical mission of the organization as follows, Starbucks is devoted to a role's environmental leader's business in each aspect of enterprise.
Weaknesses
On sale throughout color too serious and selling and costing an arm and a leg, not setting up and sucking Yan district
1. The seats are insufficient in the shop
2. Branch's misdistributions
3. The commodity price is on the high side
4. The money of right is high
5. Backward undertaking
New product development and creativity are Starbucks' good reputation. However, they are still very fragile, easy possibility; its innovation may waver as time goes on. This organization has a strong existence, over 3/4 are set up and competed on the domestic market in U.S.A. People often argue, they need to seek a country of investment combination, in order to propagate the risk on the business. This organization is to depend on a main competition advantage, coffee of the retail business. Unless so it can make by them the slow, in order to dispersing to departments other, should necessary problem.
Opportunities
Making the best of the large figure of chain store gives play to the advantage of the large-scale production to enter into an alliance with tactics
1. The living standard is improved
2. Hide the great business opportunity
3. Concept of the third space
4. Set up e-commerce
5. Open-up of the overseas investment market
6. The exhibition shop is fast
Starbucks is very good at utilizing the opportunity. In 2004, company this create one CD cook, record, serve, in their California Santa Monica (California of U.S.A.) ,Coffee house and Hewlett-Packard, which place is the customer in, creates one's own music CD. New products and service can be in their coffee house at the retail price, such as implementing the fair trade products. This company has an opportunity to expand its global business. The country of the area is beginning to appear for new coffee of market such as along India and the Pacific Ocean. Food and beverage of common brand and other manufacturer, and the franchises of brand, other goods and service of the manufacturers of Israel are all potential.
Threats
Tall tree catches the wind, market of coffee has already become ripe, substitutes have been numerous and easy to imitate
1. The traditional compounding type of bake house, management of the chain coffee house
2. It is low to enter the obstacle
3. Health consciousness resumes
Who knows that in the future, if will increase to buy coffee on the market, staying and agreeing and customer, the beverage of another type or recreation activity, will replace coffee? It is numerous that success of Starbucks enables and enters the market
4. Core competencies and competitive advantage
4.1 chain operation and management
Success of Starbucks has attracted a lot of investors to demand to cooperate by way of shop allied. Develop in adopting the straight camp's chain inside Starbucks, emerge and dispute in or franchise operation development.
Generally speaking, the way of chains can be divided three kinds different chains: Straight camp's chain, voluntary chain, chain of licensing.
However Starbucks insist on going in the straight camp of the companies foreign all the time, do not all need the shop allied in the whole world.
For over 30 years, Starbucks has insisted on going in the straight camp of the company all the time externally, does not need the shop allied in the whole world. If the mode allied that Starbucks adopts “traffic the right of joining“ like a lot of leaders is expanded, its development speed is certain to be much quicker than now, but unfavorable to the control on quality of Starbucks. For example Starbucks for offer customer best coffee, never stingy to scrap supplies. But if join right open, it is very difficult to require the boss of each shop allied insists on increasing the cost and scrapping. Meanwhile, joining development will encounter all sorts of risks, for example expand blindly, cause the operation level of the whole system to be different, take shape - The shop sustaining economic losses in large batches, reduce Starbucks' brand value finally. In addition, Starbucks must also possess very strong legal affairs handling capacity, with should to with various legal questions of producing of joining etc. So, in order to prevent Starbucks' brand from receiving the unnecessary interference, Starbucks determines not to open right of joining.
Outwardly, in these kinds of cooperative ways of Starbucks and enterprises from all parts of the world, it is the same as joining type of operation that it does not take shares, authorize management way completely. However, Starbucks is in one country or one area such as Singapore, Beijing (authorize and manage Starbucks on the market of North China of China) Wait, look for a more strong big company to carry on authorized cooperation, it is not the same category with the usually said joining chain.
The advantage of straight camp's development is very obvious, but there is sizable limitation. The quantity wants the restriction of the scale raised funds to run a shop, development speed will be generally developed slowly in franchise operation. In addition, it is entered that some monopoly areas are very difficult, such as airport etc.. So, Starbucks has adopted the flexible tactics, on the basis of insisting on the principle that the frank camp develops into the main fact, develop a small amount of franchise operation shops too. In 1991, Starbucks authorized Murray special company of the airport of Hal, Ou of Chicago to manage Starbucks cafe for the first time, all took the mode allied at several airports and some campuses from then on.
In addition, take flexible investment and cooperative way in market situation still on the basis of the all parts of the world of Starbucks.
Generally speaking, the stock right that Starbucks general headquarters holds in a certain area is the larger in proportion, mean the more important to it the market of this place is. In addition, Starbucks has also made the strict choice cooperator's standard, comprises, for example, the cooperator's reputation, control ability of quality, with training the staff with the standard of Starbucks.
The development way in China's Mainland of Starbucks is comparatively flexible too. In fact, Starbucks has taken the authorized way in the area in China's Mainland, the person who licenses area invests money in developing the straight camp's shop oneself, itself is straight camp and a kind of association of mode allied. It is exactly such flexible investment tactics and cooperative way, make Starbucks group while having an optimistic view of the Chinese market, strengthen investment, increase shareholding ratio to 50%. This has indicated U.S.A. is to the attention of this area, there will be more input in the future.
4.2 Standard homework
The standard and meaning the high efficiency in unison is the key content of the modern chain's operation and management. Under the operating systems of standard and unity, each chain store carries on homework and management according to the unified standard; realize the normal and best benefit. The chain should combine management of the materials, qualitative analysis with managing live, make a set of standardized homework norms. Everybody guard norm rigidly, could can't control factor bring minimum down to, can also prevent personal fault from cause damages to whole enterprise at the same time.
A word like this spreads in IT industry: "It is a winner who makes the standard whom." Intel has created the standard of the IT industry; Starbucks has created the standard of the coffee trade. This old trade, there was not a standard in the past, not merely there is a standard of coffee now, even water, temperature, milk and cup, Starbucks has all redesigned, standardize it.
Starbucks lets people think coffee has sagacity, very romantic thing. It redesigns the machine which is made coffee, then coffee rubs and makes, cooks different, there are new standards.
The standard of Starbucks involves operating and managing the different fields, not merely including coffee bean is cured and the staff serves, still display it in their strict standard for selection to the coffee bean.
The coffee raw materials chosen carefully send coffee of Starbucks to cure the room in time, accept curing and mixing of the experienced operator according to the strict standard, is put into the freshness protection package and transported to the chain store of Starbucks or whole seller's handed subsequently.
The freshness protection package is specially designed by Starbucks, prevent air and moisture from entering in order to keep the products fresh, Starbucks stipulates to this strictly: Once open the freshness protection package, the coffee bean among them must be sold within seven days out, otherwise pour out.
In every Starbucks, each staff must remember, give customer " perfect coffee " Starbucks thick to contract coffee, the machine is with the high pressure, high temperature (generally from 18 seconds to 23 seconds) Go out of a cup of coffee, send to customer within ten seconds. If has not reached this standard, coffee should pour out, can be regarded as the running cost. Starbucks, in order to let the customer smell once entering the shop coffee is fragrant, but not destroyed by other smell, can't smoke in the shop, the staff go to work even perfume can't use the time.
The standard of Starbucks still embodies in their very nitpicking coffee bean, from variety to form of the producing area, particle, etc., every link has a strict standard; Starbucks has not been allowed not judging strictly by the expert definitely. Coffee bean last market, judge it cost coffee to judge 100,000 cup more than every year expert it’s the coffees. Comment with cup France choose coffee bean, determine perfect intensity of curing, make to have flavour can at all release alone every coffee.
In addition, Starbucks has made the strict cooperator has chosen accurately: The cooperator's reputation, commitments to quality, with training the staff with the standard of Starbucks.
4.3 Communicate and manage
In Starbucks, have communicated into the focal points of coffee chain management and administration in an all-round way, its concrete content includes the communication with the staff, with the customer's communication and with three respects of the supplier's communication.
With the staff's communication
The open way of communication is a part of Starbucks' principle. In Starbucks, disclose the forum to open for several times in one year, tells the staff the major issue that the company happens recently, explain the financial situation, allow the staff to question to senior administration and supervision authorities, bring new information to administration and supervision authorities at the same time. In addition, the company publishes to the staff and writes letters regularly, these letters are usually questions about company's development; there are employee welfare and shareholder's scheme too.
In order to make the staff of the enthusiastic work have an opportunity to put forward one's own good idea, improve the work of the company in time, the manager of Starbucks Company comes and goes and holds employee's discussion between each city every whole season, collect and advise, discuss from working environment to various questions on sale throughout the tactics. People propose various queries, discuss the thing that they care about, criticize and praise at the meeting, or only state one's views on how to take on the management.
With the customer's communication
Starbucks thinks their products are not merely coffee, and the experience of the cafe. For experience to strengthen customer, Starbucks pay attention to especially communication of customer. One of its main competitive strategies, but exchange with the customer in the cafe, every waiter should accept a series of to train, for instance basically sell skill, coffee ABC, coffee making skill, etc. Starbucks requires every waiter to expect the customer's demand.
With the supplier's communication
Confirm cooperation, of both sides representative conference meet three once 4 in first year, do strategic business to assess every half a year or one year later. The more strategic products or strategic region is, the more frequent top personnel got involved. Later, Starbucks will also send the supplier for year of cooperation of two and evaluate the report, the content involves being in many aspects, including the supplier's output, needing the improved place, etc.. In addition, both sides will also develop and frequently keep in touch on production efficiency, raising the quality, new product. For example: How to improve the competence of supplying after the supplier, how to control the expenditure rationally by supplying, will also appraise to the happy intensity of mutual cooperation finally, both sides all need improved place, etc. after pointing out.
5. Strategy recommendations
By the marketing analysis of four C:
Customer
Clear, lock particular consumption group, product except diversification, incorporate local life at the same time, let the customer feel cordial and is familiar with, can meet customer's demands.
Convenience
Starbucks all sets up the retail sales in a dozen countries of the whole world, only the retail sales has already spread to every area of throwing etc. at present in Taiwan, but prove its convenience consumed.
Cost
Though the price hits the high price, basically most consumers can all consume the products enjoyed.
Communication
The inter-dynamic relation between paying much attention to and guest, the service is intimate and good. In addition, use and experience marketing and let the customer assert the products, and then produce the acceptance, sense of ownership.
Hence, Starbucks have these weakness points:
(1) The price is a little bit high
Though in many aspects good than other terms of house, so respect of price high to can be regarded as naturally even a bit. How much but difference to lie in high and high, some are the customer who is consumed ethnicity of par after all; it is very possible because of the level to the price, and transfer to other hotel owner's sale. It will have resulted in losing one group of consumers.
(2) Application of science and technology
Have already created the cafe with scale now, certainly will add much more from hand this way, but manpower is limited, if use and come to assist the staff more on science and technology, perhaps at efficiency add the result divided so, probably shrink by one in cost too.
(3) The exposing rate of advertisement is extremely low
Though Starbucks regards staff as a way of marketing, can understand the customer's demand and establish good relation even more, but the range that can propagate is limited after all, so lack some persons and does not know Starbucks, so a lot of most customers consuming for the first time consume via relatives and friends' introduction, so should strengthen the exposing rate of advertisement of Starbucks, expand market share and encourage adopting the action of buying.
6. Potential fallout
As Starbucks extend rapidly, the standard of management would be ignored which includes: consumers’ abilities, employees’ qualifications, and the 25 seconds of coffeemaker.
Brand and Fashion were the reason of Starbucks’ success. And it stood with high standard insisted. In fact, as we studied how successful of Starbucks. There were 600 shops closed and more then 12,000 people layoff in USA 2006.
The reason would not only the economics but also the loss of fresh.
As the mention above: prices, spread by employees and advertisement. Furthermore, the culture shock will be the mainly issue of the next decades.
In China, we have both well known the abilities of consumers. Starbucks won’t be longer existed if they could not change the tactic of straight camp's chain.
There are some suggestions for Starbucks that would maintain its leader position of coffee market:
1. Keep the qualifications of employees’ training
2. Cost down every unnecessary out bone.
3. Maintain the profits and benefits for “bean stock” and stock holders.
4. Face to Chinese Culture; to set up a tactic system.
That is the older aphorism “use Chinese to face Chinese culture”.
Believe or not, Starbucks still have the good reputation and finance. Intensify its strong points to cover the threats. Or disappear in next decades.
7. Bibliography:
http://baroque888.webdiy.com.tw/news-detail.asp?lang=1&doc_id=67 accessed by 2nd May 2010
http://coffee.24h.com.tw/ accessed by 1st May 2010
http://editorjoe.blogspot.com/2008_07_13_archive.html accessed by 17 May 2010
http://manage.org.cn/Article/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=8 accessed by 17 May 2010
http://manager.china-ef.com/article/2010-03-19/182931.shtml accessed by 11 May 2010
http://shs.tngs.tn.edu.tw/essay/post/upload/9310/9310_63 accessed by 12 May 2010
http://www.1to1.com.cn/Article/content.asp?id=2391 accessed by 13 May 2010
http://www.businessweekly.com.tw accessed by 16 May 2010
http://www.cheers.com.tw/content/030/030042.asp accessed by 10May 2010
http://www.i18.cn/newscenter/news/guojinews/2004-7-8/17583.shtml accessed by 15 May 2010
http://www.lmcafe.com/web2.html accessed by 11 May 2010
http://www.starbucks.com accessed by 13 May 2010
http://www2.worldvision.org.tw/See.asp?serial=994 accessed by 15 May 2010
Mark Pendergrast（2000）：Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World。
Data Warehouses and Transactional Databases
1.0 Introduction Data Warehouses and Transactional Databases
Data Warehouses is a kind of information system store the theory, this theory puts emphasis on utilizing some special materials to store the way, let materials included, help, analyse and process especially, in order to produce valuable information and make decision according to this.
Data Warehouses utilizing the storage way of the materials to be preserved, have once store in, the characteristic not changed with time, the materials stored in at the same time must include time attribute, usually a materials storage will all contain a large number of historical materials, utilize the particular analysis way, since explore particular information out among them.
Transactional Databases Can be considered as the materials collection that can be inquired and revised automatically. The database has many kinds of model, store, have various materials of forms get, can carry on magnanimity large-scale system widely used from a most simple one in all fields database that materials store
2.0 Data Warehouses
The materials storage, proposed in 1990 by father W.H.Inmon in the materials storage, the main function was to deal with (OLTP) the organization through the on-line trade of the information system A large number of materials accumulated for years, store the structure through the peculiar materials of storage theory of materials, doing one has systematic analysis to put in order, analyse and process (OLAP) on-linely by various analytical methods of profit , the materials mining (Data Mining) It goes on, and then support it like DSS (DSS) , in charge of information system (EIS) Setting-up,it help policymaker can getting more effective fast last valuable information since a large number of materials, draft in order to make policy and the external environmental change of fast reaction, help builds and constructs the commercial intelligence (BI) .
Generally speaking, materials storage can by getting related database, set up for materials one degree of databases of multidimension that storage develop specially, if set up by one degree of databases of multidimension, its structure can be divided into a written complaint of a star and snow flake form structure, include several and link one degree of information forms, and a fact information form.
The organizational system of the materials storage is not merely only the application of the tool technological side of information, draw and carry out surface need, have deep understanding to industry knowledge, marketing management, market orientation, tactics rule person who paint relevant terms even more in rule, could really give play to materials storage and follow-up to analyze the value of the tool, improve the competitiveness of organizing.
2.1 Data Warehouses Characteristic
Subject-Oriented: Different from general OLTP system, the materials modelling of the materials storage, classifies materials according to their meanings to the same theme district (subject area) emphatically ,Called the theme direction. Give an example such as Party, Arrangement, Event, Product,etc.
Integrated: The materials are combined and identical in the materials storage from the enterprise every OLTP system.
Time-Variant: The change of the materials, is able to note down and track and change in the materials storage, facilitate reflecting the materials orbit that can vary with time
Nonvolatile: Once the materials will not be replaced or deleted after confirming writing into, even if the materials are also wrong
2.2 Data Warehouses function
Merge the materials of the source of the heterogeneous materials into the single homogeneity structure. To analyzing the efficiency that inquires but not dealing with the trade, organize the materials with the simple structure. Include effective identical equal to alreadying and and direct against and analyze the conversion materials formatted. Offer the steady materials recorded on behalf of the commercial affair.
Fixed newer with other materials, but not carry on the frequent trade. Simplify security requirement.
3.0 Transactional Databases
Databases have many kinds of models. For example used in large-scaly to the one that store as like Network Database ,RelationalDatabase, Object-Oriented Database, DAP and Hierarchical Database .
Form according to just a few array in form generally. General, every tabulation of China shows one According to the type, according to existing in different forms that walks among them.
3.1 Disadvantage and Advantage
The advantage of the database:
Reduce the materials or data to repeat (Reduced Redundancy)
Combine the materials (Integrated data)
Integrality data type (Integrity)
Compatibility of the materials
Can protect the security of the materials and personal informatiom
The disadvantage of the database:
increase the cost
The system is complicated
Need to back up frequently, otherwise the unexpected state will cause the great injury
Manage the teacher (DBA) in database Non- easy to train
3.2 Data classification
Distinguish in accordance with the materials model
Hierarchical data model : Make up this arborescent stratum way of the materials, to put it briefly regard the materials as the type attitude of a group of arborescent structure
Network data model : A database, its sub element can to put it briefly regard the materials as the type attitude (research and develop first) of a group of reticular formations to the one or more mothers element
Relational data model : To put it briefly have relevant forms to regard the materials as some each other, succeed in most with database of this kind of at present ( Probably because the idea is simple in order to do in fact) .
Database: Include a lot of tables.
Form: Include a lot of record.
record: Include a lot of ields
The advantage of combined the materials:
1. reduce the materials to repeat, improve the sharing and combining
2. make the materials independent of procedure: for example, Can utilize one database administrative system come interconnected system manage materials jointly, and every procedure down the order to the administrative system of the database and then.
3. close and related and organization among the materials, the inquiry of the user can do the fast response.
4. security and control of concentrating on melting: for example the centralized management of the materials, can increase the controlling and guarantee security, it is big in the materials amount, can set up the database and manage the teacher (database administrator) To maintain the database system.
3.3 The basic function of the administrative system of the database
The materials are defined: Must be able to define and the materials projects of different types of management. The materials are dealt with: To user offers is ability more about materials,(the newly-increased and revising, inquiring and deleting) .
The materials are safe: Can set up user's account, password and authority and prevent the materials from letting out or destroying.
The materials are backed up: Offer the materials to back up, can reduce to the state backed up and reduce losses while damaging unfortunately.
What the user touches is application program, and that is really exposed to with the real materials is that the administrative system of the database hides the real environment of database, represent abstract structure, needn't consider magnetic rail, indicator, overflow location true issue of environment make application program of designing, and enable and design simplifying.
3.4 Database Management System (DBMS)
The administrative system of the database (database management system) Advantage separated form application program.
The first, simplify and design: Ex: In the dispersing type database, it is very complicated that the materials are stored, if there is no DBMS that the procedure must all know all materials.
The second, strengthen one to look at: The access of all restriction databases is all dealt with by one DBMS, it is simple to deal with a one that look at and change.
Third, it is materials independence.
3.5 On-Line Transaction Processing system
The On-Line Transaction Processing system (OLTP), the related type database is most suitable for the materials which manages the modification. Usually, these related type databases will have several users to carry out the trade that will alter the instant materials at the same time. Though the user's specific materials require that usually only need to consult a few materials to tabulate, but will send out a lot of requirements at the same time.
OLTP database is to design usedding for letting the trade type application program only write into and deal with the materials needed in single exchange as soon as possible. OLTP database will generally carry out the following projects:
Support the to run side by side a large number of user to be fixed and newly-increased and revising the materials.
Display the modification of organizing state continuity, but does not store its record.
Contain a lot of materials, including using for verifying a large number of materials of the trade.
Have complicated structure.
Can make fast response to trade activity to change to.
Offer the technological infrastructure, in order to support the daily job organizing.
The specific trade can deposit and withdraw a small amount of data relatively by finishing rapidly. OLTP system is to design and adjust usedding for dealing with and entering several hundred or thousands of transactions of the database at the same time.
The materials in OLTP system will be organized and supported the trade such as the following projects mainly:
Record the order from the sales outlet terminal machine or Web platform.
The order when the volume of stock is dropped to appointed standard time, in order to require more source of goods.
Follow the trail of and assemble in the factory for the component of the final products.
Record staff's data.
4.0 Data Warehouses VS Transactional Databases
In brief, the database is a affairs -oriented design, the data warehouses faces theme design. The Transactional database generally stores the on-line trade materials, it is generally historical materials that the data warehouses is stored.
The design of database is to try hard to avoid being redundant, generally adopt the rule to accord with normal form to be designed, data warehouses it designs to be inclined to introduce redundant, adopt, design against normal form way.
The database is designing to catch the materials, the data warehouses is designed to analyze the materials, two basic elements of it link forms and fact form. It is the angle such as time looking at problem to link, the department, the ones that linked forms and put are the definitions of these things, the materials that will be inquired about are put in the fact form, there is ID linked at the same time.
Only speaking from the concept, a bit hard to understand. Any technology is for employing serving, combine and employ and can understand very easily. Take banking as an example. Database affairs materials platform of system, customer will write database into in every transaction that bank make, written down, here, can be interpreted as keeping accounts with the database briefly. The data warehouses is the materials platform of a analyticl system, it obtains the materials from the affairs system, gather, process, offer the basis of decision to policymaker. For example how much trade does it take place some some one month such as branch such as bank, what branch this balance of deposits at present. If deposit many, consumption trade also more, this area set up ATM while being necessary then.
Obviously, trading volume of bank enormous, even ten million calculate with a million usually. The affairs system is real-time, this requires prescroption, the customer takes dozens of seconds to be stood to deposit a sum of money, this requires the database to store the materials of very short period. And the analyticl system is afterwards, it should offer to pay close attention to all valid materials in time slot. These materials are magnanimity, calculate and stand up a little slower too in summary, but, have achieved the goal if can offer the valid analysis materials.
The data warehouses , under the condition that already a large number of has existed for the database, in order to further excavate the resources of the materials, need and produce in order to make policy, it is by no means the so-called ‘large-scale database’'. Then, the data warehouses is compared with traditional database, what difference is there? Let us read W.H.Inmon definition about the data warehouses first: The theme -oriented, integrate one, materials set correlated with and can't be revised time.
5.0 Conclusion
Data warehouse has multidimensional data structures and OLTP(Online transaction processing) has 3NF(The third normal form) data structure. The multidimensional design of data warehouse enabled end-user with different interests to look at the data from difference cross-section. 3NF data of OLTP enabled efficient data manipulate and simple query.
Database tables of data warehouse have much more indexes about OLTP. Indexes can enhance the efficiency of conducting data analysis. It involve large amount of data in data warehouse. While too much indexes in OLTP may hurt the performance for data manipulation.
Data redundancy in data warehouse is common to make better about the efficiency of data analysis. On the otherhand, Data redundancy in OLTP is rare and to facilitate data manipulation.
Data in data warehouse are historical data(see chapter 2), it inculdes derived and aggregated values of RAW data. Data in OLTP inculdes derived data and aggregated values.
6. Reference
MSDN, viewed February 1
Database outline is explained elementarily, viewed February 2
< http://www.e-zone.com.hk/discuz/viewthread.php?tid=6561 >
The detailed introductions of difference of the database and Data warehouse viewed February 1
< http://bbs.flash2u.com.tw/dispbbs_155_80485.html >
"The Story So Far". 2002-04-15. viewed February 1
Pendse, Nigel and Bange, Carsten "The Missing Next Big Things", viewed February 10
< http://www.olapreport.com/Faileddozen.htm >
Gray, J. and Reuter, A. Transaction Processing: Concepts and Techniques, 1st edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1992.
Kroenke, David M. and David J. Auer. Database Concepts. 3rd ed. New York: Prentice, 2007.
Beynon-Davies, P. (2004). Database Systems. 3rd Edition. Palgrave, Houndmills, Basingstoke.
Connolly, Thomas and Carolyn Begg. Database Systems. New York: Harlow, 2002.
Data Warehouses is a kind of information system store the theory, this theory puts emphasis on utilizing some special materials to store the way, let materials included, help, analyse and process especially, in order to produce valuable information and make decision according to this.
Data Warehouses utilizing the storage way of the materials to be preserved, have once store in, the characteristic not changed with time, the materials stored in at the same time must include time attribute, usually a materials storage will all contain a large number of historical materials, utilize the particular analysis way, since explore particular information out among them.
Transactional Databases Can be considered as the materials collection that can be inquired and revised automatically. The database has many kinds of model, store, have various materials of forms get, can carry on magnanimity large-scale system widely used from a most simple one in all fields database that materials store
2.0 Data Warehouses
The materials storage, proposed in 1990 by father W.H.Inmon in the materials storage, the main function was to deal with (OLTP) the organization through the on-line trade of the information system A large number of materials accumulated for years, store the structure through the peculiar materials of storage theory of materials, doing one has systematic analysis to put in order, analyse and process (OLAP) on-linely by various analytical methods of profit , the materials mining (Data Mining) It goes on, and then support it like DSS (DSS) , in charge of information system (EIS) Setting-up,it help policymaker can getting more effective fast last valuable information since a large number of materials, draft in order to make policy and the external environmental change of fast reaction, help builds and constructs the commercial intelligence (BI) .
Generally speaking, materials storage can by getting related database, set up for materials one degree of databases of multidimension that storage develop specially, if set up by one degree of databases of multidimension, its structure can be divided into a written complaint of a star and snow flake form structure, include several and link one degree of information forms, and a fact information form.
The organizational system of the materials storage is not merely only the application of the tool technological side of information, draw and carry out surface need, have deep understanding to industry knowledge, marketing management, market orientation, tactics rule person who paint relevant terms even more in rule, could really give play to materials storage and follow-up to analyze the value of the tool, improve the competitiveness of organizing.
2.1 Data Warehouses Characteristic
Subject-Oriented: Different from general OLTP system, the materials modelling of the materials storage, classifies materials according to their meanings to the same theme district (subject area) emphatically ,Called the theme direction. Give an example such as Party, Arrangement, Event, Product,etc.
Integrated: The materials are combined and identical in the materials storage from the enterprise every OLTP system.
Time-Variant: The change of the materials, is able to note down and track and change in the materials storage, facilitate reflecting the materials orbit that can vary with time
Nonvolatile: Once the materials will not be replaced or deleted after confirming writing into, even if the materials are also wrong
2.2 Data Warehouses function
Merge the materials of the source of the heterogeneous materials into the single homogeneity structure. To analyzing the efficiency that inquires but not dealing with the trade, organize the materials with the simple structure. Include effective identical equal to alreadying and and direct against and analyze the conversion materials formatted. Offer the steady materials recorded on behalf of the commercial affair.
Fixed newer with other materials, but not carry on the frequent trade. Simplify security requirement.
3.0 Transactional Databases
Databases have many kinds of models. For example used in large-scaly to the one that store as like Network Database ,RelationalDatabase, Object-Oriented Database, DAP and Hierarchical Database .
Form according to just a few array in form generally. General, every tabulation of China shows one According to the type, according to existing in different forms that walks among them.
3.1 Disadvantage and Advantage
The advantage of the database:
Reduce the materials or data to repeat (Reduced Redundancy)
Combine the materials (Integrated data)
Integrality data type (Integrity)
Compatibility of the materials
Can protect the security of the materials and personal informatiom
The disadvantage of the database:
increase the cost
The system is complicated
Need to back up frequently, otherwise the unexpected state will cause the great injury
Manage the teacher (DBA) in database Non- easy to train
3.2 Data classification
Distinguish in accordance with the materials model
Hierarchical data model : Make up this arborescent stratum way of the materials, to put it briefly regard the materials as the type attitude of a group of arborescent structure
Network data model : A database, its sub element can to put it briefly regard the materials as the type attitude (research and develop first) of a group of reticular formations to the one or more mothers element
Relational data model : To put it briefly have relevant forms to regard the materials as some each other, succeed in most with database of this kind of at present ( Probably because the idea is simple in order to do in fact) .
Database: Include a lot of tables.
Form: Include a lot of record.
record: Include a lot of ields
The advantage of combined the materials:
1. reduce the materials to repeat, improve the sharing and combining
2. make the materials independent of procedure: for example, Can utilize one database administrative system come interconnected system manage materials jointly, and every procedure down the order to the administrative system of the database and then.
3. close and related and organization among the materials, the inquiry of the user can do the fast response.
4. security and control of concentrating on melting: for example the centralized management of the materials, can increase the controlling and guarantee security, it is big in the materials amount, can set up the database and manage the teacher (database administrator) To maintain the database system.
3.3 The basic function of the administrative system of the database
The materials are defined: Must be able to define and the materials projects of different types of management. The materials are dealt with: To user offers is ability more about materials,(the newly-increased and revising, inquiring and deleting) .
The materials are safe: Can set up user's account, password and authority and prevent the materials from letting out or destroying.
The materials are backed up: Offer the materials to back up, can reduce to the state backed up and reduce losses while damaging unfortunately.
What the user touches is application program, and that is really exposed to with the real materials is that the administrative system of the database hides the real environment of database, represent abstract structure, needn't consider magnetic rail, indicator, overflow location true issue of environment make application program of designing, and enable and design simplifying.
3.4 Database Management System (DBMS)
The administrative system of the database (database management system) Advantage separated form application program.
The first, simplify and design: Ex: In the dispersing type database, it is very complicated that the materials are stored, if there is no DBMS that the procedure must all know all materials.
The second, strengthen one to look at: The access of all restriction databases is all dealt with by one DBMS, it is simple to deal with a one that look at and change.
Third, it is materials independence.
3.5 On-Line Transaction Processing system
The On-Line Transaction Processing system (OLTP), the related type database is most suitable for the materials which manages the modification. Usually, these related type databases will have several users to carry out the trade that will alter the instant materials at the same time. Though the user's specific materials require that usually only need to consult a few materials to tabulate, but will send out a lot of requirements at the same time.
OLTP database is to design usedding for letting the trade type application program only write into and deal with the materials needed in single exchange as soon as possible. OLTP database will generally carry out the following projects:
Support the to run side by side a large number of user to be fixed and newly-increased and revising the materials.
Display the modification of organizing state continuity, but does not store its record.
Contain a lot of materials, including using for verifying a large number of materials of the trade.
Have complicated structure.
Can make fast response to trade activity to change to.
Offer the technological infrastructure, in order to support the daily job organizing.
The specific trade can deposit and withdraw a small amount of data relatively by finishing rapidly. OLTP system is to design and adjust usedding for dealing with and entering several hundred or thousands of transactions of the database at the same time.
The materials in OLTP system will be organized and supported the trade such as the following projects mainly:
Record the order from the sales outlet terminal machine or Web platform.
The order when the volume of stock is dropped to appointed standard time, in order to require more source of goods.
Follow the trail of and assemble in the factory for the component of the final products.
Record staff's data.
4.0 Data Warehouses VS Transactional Databases
In brief, the database is a affairs -oriented design, the data warehouses faces theme design. The Transactional database generally stores the on-line trade materials, it is generally historical materials that the data warehouses is stored.
The design of database is to try hard to avoid being redundant, generally adopt the rule to accord with normal form to be designed, data warehouses it designs to be inclined to introduce redundant, adopt, design against normal form way.
The database is designing to catch the materials, the data warehouses is designed to analyze the materials, two basic elements of it link forms and fact form. It is the angle such as time looking at problem to link, the department, the ones that linked forms and put are the definitions of these things, the materials that will be inquired about are put in the fact form, there is ID linked at the same time.
Only speaking from the concept, a bit hard to understand. Any technology is for employing serving, combine and employ and can understand very easily. Take banking as an example. Database affairs materials platform of system, customer will write database into in every transaction that bank make, written down, here, can be interpreted as keeping accounts with the database briefly. The data warehouses is the materials platform of a analyticl system, it obtains the materials from the affairs system, gather, process, offer the basis of decision to policymaker. For example how much trade does it take place some some one month such as branch such as bank, what branch this balance of deposits at present. If deposit many, consumption trade also more, this area set up ATM while being necessary then.
Obviously, trading volume of bank enormous, even ten million calculate with a million usually. The affairs system is real-time, this requires prescroption, the customer takes dozens of seconds to be stood to deposit a sum of money, this requires the database to store the materials of very short period. And the analyticl system is afterwards, it should offer to pay close attention to all valid materials in time slot. These materials are magnanimity, calculate and stand up a little slower too in summary, but, have achieved the goal if can offer the valid analysis materials.
The data warehouses , under the condition that already a large number of has existed for the database, in order to further excavate the resources of the materials, need and produce in order to make policy, it is by no means the so-called ‘large-scale database’'. Then, the data warehouses is compared with traditional database, what difference is there? Let us read W.H.Inmon definition about the data warehouses first: The theme -oriented, integrate one, materials set correlated with and can't be revised time.
5.0 Conclusion
Data warehouse has multidimensional data structures and OLTP(Online transaction processing) has 3NF(The third normal form) data structure. The multidimensional design of data warehouse enabled end-user with different interests to look at the data from difference cross-section. 3NF data of OLTP enabled efficient data manipulate and simple query.
Database tables of data warehouse have much more indexes about OLTP. Indexes can enhance the efficiency of conducting data analysis. It involve large amount of data in data warehouse. While too much indexes in OLTP may hurt the performance for data manipulation.
Data redundancy in data warehouse is common to make better about the efficiency of data analysis. On the otherhand, Data redundancy in OLTP is rare and to facilitate data manipulation.
Data in data warehouse are historical data(see chapter 2), it inculdes derived and aggregated values of RAW data. Data in OLTP inculdes derived data and aggregated values.
6. Reference
MSDN, viewed February 1
Database outline is explained elementarily, viewed February 2
< http://www.e-zone.com.hk/discuz/viewthread.php?tid=6561 >
The detailed introductions of difference of the database and Data warehouse viewed February 1
< http://bbs.flash2u.com.tw/dispbbs_155_80485.html >
"The Story So Far". 2002-04-15. viewed February 1
Pendse, Nigel and Bange, Carsten "The Missing Next Big Things", viewed February 10
< http://www.olapreport.com/Faileddozen.htm >
Gray, J. and Reuter, A. Transaction Processing: Concepts and Techniques, 1st edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1992.
Kroenke, David M. and David J. Auer. Database Concepts. 3rd ed. New York: Prentice, 2007.
Beynon-Davies, P. (2004). Database Systems. 3rd Edition. Palgrave, Houndmills, Basingstoke.
Connolly, Thomas and Carolyn Begg. Database Systems. New York: Harlow, 2002.
MetalBenders Industries, Inc
Case Study - Executive Summary
This presentation is analyzed and a d suggestion for Case of MetalBenders Industries, Inc. first of all, we talk about the background. Analyze this case MetalBenders is a classic case of a family owned business that started strong under its founder and became weaker in its second generation. Compounding the problem was the unexpected death of the second generation heir with the business now under the control of his widow, Maria, a woman of Hispanic origin, not trained in the world of business, and a person who was content to let her husband run the firm. As a reluctant leader of the firm, she must determine how to improve the firm’s profitability, to not only allow her to maintain her lifestyle, but also to position the firm for sale in the future. It is intended to furnish students with an opportunity to gain new insights into the many challenges faced by a small, second-generation family-owned business.
From this case we point five points to analyze:
n MetalBenders Industries, Inc : 33 years(1969)
n Maria as a CEO: 6 years(1996~2002)
n Past 3 years the sales ranged ($1.4 million to $1.7 million)
the breakeven point is $1.5 million
n Reputation from customers:
¨ always willing to take on spur-of-the-moment jobs
¨ A good company, they do good work, but they're always late
¨ Communication is below average
¨ so anxious to please the customer that they don't say no to any job. Nothing's too small, or too inconvenient
n No manage system (-), no standard product (+/-),
can’t increase profits for several years may get worse.
Then, there is compendious compare and discussion who is a qualified person can lead this company to the future amount mark, ted and jose, and the analyse depend on leadership theory show that there are no people can lead this company and the current leader Maria also can not play the role because she how to lead and use employees and do everything like depend on her habits. Such as, she does not like to listen to Ted and Mark.
Whereafter, some useful and accurate leadership policies would talk about as follow. Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. The three major styles of leadership are:
o Authoritarian or autocratic
o Participative or democratic
o Delegative or Free Reign
Although good leaders use all three styles, with one of them normally dominant, bad leaders tend to stick with one style. The authoritarian style should normally only be used on rare occasions. If you have the time and want to gain more commitment and motivation from your employees, then you should use the participative style. Using participative style is of mutual benefit -- it allows them to become part of the team and allows you to make better decisions. Delegative is not a style to use so that you can blame others when things go wrong, rather this is a style to be used when you fully trust and confidence in the people below you. Do not be afraid to use it, however, use it wisely!
In the end of this presentation we suggest some Recommendation which include. Chance: ISO9000 certification, Risk equal chance, Maria has to change herself rather than complain and Maria cannot depend on her habits to lead the company, like Jose. It can be seem in the future the core-man will leave for sure.
WCMS
Executive Summary
Web content management system (WCMS) has become the main stream of the website design standard; because it has powerful content manages abilities. Nowadays, people and corporations are tending to use more specific budget and faster develop time to establish a website.
This assignment is mixed that according to author’s network and website planning working experience for past several years and synthesizes the comments and technological files of famous website-building softwares (tools) around the world. Thus, the whole article will discuss and point out the strength and the weakness of several CMS.
This assignment is divided into four parts; the introductions of popular CMS are around the world, how does the CMS work? Functional difference are with each system and Contrast with each system.
Analysing with Joomla, XOOPS, and PHPNUKE; the main idea is how to select which CMS will be the best choice for designing a website.
A good CMS should be considered by three points:
1. Content managements
2. Visual customer-made
3. Scalability
At the last part of this assignment, open-source resources and GNU limitation will be listed on the bibliography. At appendix part will give the famous website example which use Joomla to show the flexibility of the application.
Table of contents
1. Essay Assignment………………………………………………………………...4
2. List of Bibliography…………………………………………………………….10
• Open-source resource
• Portal site resource
• Forums resource
• E-Commerce resource
• Blog resource
3. Appendix - Joomla CMS website actual example…………………………….12
A “web content management system” (WCMS) is software to help you put content on your web site. There are many content managers. Two popular open-source content managers are Drupal and Joomla. Write a paper comparing and contrasting some of the popular open-source WCMS packages, and suggest which one is best
With Internet rising, the web developers including programmers and visual-designers have no longer used page by page designing and coding. At least few years ago, they had had to design like that. Nowadays, “web content management system” (WCMS or CMS) seems to be more popular and more convenient tools for the web designing. Accompanied by the foam of the Internet and growing again, people and corporations are tend to use more specific budget and faster develop time to establish a website or personal blog. Thus, CMS has become the main stream of the website design standard. However, the widely explanations about CMS are not just the maintain tools of content system. It can be included with forum, Blog and e-Commerce systems.
This assignment will be divided into four parts; the introductions of popular CMS are around the world, how does the CMS work? Functional difference are with each system and Contrast with each system.
First of all, the introductions of popular CMS are around the world. As a website designer, I had used XOOPS and PHPNUKE for building websites. To compare with these two open-source systems, in personal view, these two systems are powerful and complete modularization. There are over 4,000 modules can be afforded for download. Follow steps to install in PHP + MySQL environments. The website can be established in very short time. The same with Drupal and Joomla, they also have these fast develop abilities. According to the author of www.opensourcecms.com, Calvin C. Sov, CMS has been divided with function into portal site, blog, e-Commerce, Groupware, Forums, e-Learning and compounded types with above. For making a website with open-source code systems, the first thing should be considered is its capability. CMS can be arranged by its function into:
• Portal site: PHPNUKE, XOOPS ,Joomla
• Forums：phpBB ,discuz, smf, vbb, ipb
• E-Commerce：osCommerce, phpShop
• Blog：Lifetype, Wordpress, Movable Type
As above, these are all common modularized systems. It’s difficult to tell which the best one is. However, the only way to choose these systems which will fit the need is to try then select one can meet the requirement. It seems to be the only and fastest way.
The reason why these CMS have become popular are it owns the shortest time-consuming, free license fee (open-source), and code separation. In the past day, the process of web design should be planning the prototype, art-design then add-code in the final. Using these CMS can use the “template” for art-design, and just call the function to the suitable place such as Mambo. It has already no doubt to describe building a website equal to design a program using function like C++ but more efficiency and simple.
An example for the CMS which own these characteristics is Joomla.
1. Advanced website technologic application:
Joomla use lots of new website technology such as “website cache tech” which can speed the responding and effecting of website, “RSS broadcast and news reading tech” which is the one of most popular technology, “Search Engine Optimization (SEO)” which is the necessary technology for the search engine easier to find the contents of the website. It will increase the page view to bring the potential bonus and the chance of business.
2. Over thousands plugin and modules:
The developers from over the world have developed and offer their functions and creative ideas to improve Joomla’s integrity. These plugin will be used just like to chick the install button in Microsoft windows. It will automatically create relative databases in Mysql. There is no need to worry about database design. Thus, more corporations choose these CMS to create their own websites. Fast and convenient are the main reasons.
3. Simple and abundant user interface (UI):
UI design was also the most important point during the design process. Joomla has user friendly interface. It makes the people who cannot understand the programming and coding technology easily to establish the website and create their own characteristic. Furthermore, they can easily manage the articles and contents on the website.
4. Highly customer-made and develop-elasticity:
This point perhaps will be the main reason of global user bond of. PHPNUKE and XOOPS should be the elder vision. Although these two systems have template too, however, the template design is still not easy to design and restrict by the block. Customer-made is always the major consideration for customers because there is no one wants to make a website without their style. Through CSS and xml grow up; the efficiency of development is most favorite by programmer and website-designer.
5. Over ten thousand websites around the world had had used Joomla:
Since Mambo 1.0 version, on the earth there are over ten thousand websites had choices Joomla be the coral system such as the official website of Porsche (
Joomla had also won the prize during these years:
• The open-source personal contribution, 2005
(Brian Teeman, the team member of Joomla)
• The best Linux and open-source plan, 2005
• The best solution of open-source, 2005
• The best software of Linux and open-source, 2004 Magazine of Linux User & Developer
• The best free software plan of 2004, 2004 Magazine of Linux Format.
(Prizes translated from the official Traditional-Chinese Jommla website)
Compare with XOOPS and PHPNUKE, these two systems are stable but not user-friendly, especially during design the “template”. It usually takes more time to arrange properly. The latest version
It is hard to say which one will be the best, again, as a website planner. Different types of business, different customer requirement; these questions will always be around the web designers. There are three main consider points to make decision of choosing which CMS will be suitable for the limit budget, time, and highly customer-made.
1. Content managements:
The menu structures have been well organizations whenever there are multi-level menu structures. The structures could be used in searching, sorting, and up-to-date. The structure and contents can be easily added, moved, edited and inserted. A well menu structure content manage system should own these identities. This session will be a very important point for considerations. Once the project finished, it can let customers maintain the contents by theirselves without long period time of training.
2. Visual customer-made:
The CMS should also have the abilities using html editor to help designers doing page arrangements without the programming background. Faster the whole processes proceed.
Sometimes, the highly customer-made is an essential element to fit the CI of customer need. Hence, designers can be free to design the layout of the whole web-pages without been limitation for the block, programmers can insert the URLS into the proper place as usual. This is the most weakness of XOOPS, os-Commerce and phpBB.
3. Scalability:
For the future consideration, the scalability should always stay in the highly priority. With the time of the website maintainability, customers will require the updated functions and add new elements to the website. This is the reason that web planner would like use theirselves programming to fit this requirement instead of using CMS in the past period. Nowadays, the scalability for the most developers of CMS has been focus on this point. They know it clear but no one can promise the scalability will be 100% suitable for every website users and customers’ need. As a result, how to choice a good CMS for customers would be depended on the business type of customers. It would be the biggest challenge of web-planners because there are not every customer would like re-pay the money for the website rebuilding. But this issue was annoying with customers during the past period of fixed layout designing.
Also, the designs of database structure were difficult for using more than one CMS systems such as XOOPS plus os-Commerce. The tough point came from data transfer and the hierarchy permission of members. It took lots of time to fixed every table included extend more columns and data types. This was like a nightmare of using combing CMS. It took very long time to avoid using CMS to establish customers’ websites.
Furthermore, multi-language website would be another important consideration of using CMS. Not only just because CMS could not support multi-language but also the encoding language of html would affect the code of database such as the transfer between Big-5 and GB. To overcome these problems, nowadays, most websites would use UTF-8 instead of original encoding language systems.
For the conclusion, to be a successful web planner, it should not take risks to decide which CMS can be used without real testing. The responsibility for customers would be taking their marketing needs. It is not a theory instead of heavy and real burden. However, after comparing these specifications and sample temples of CMS, Joomla seems to be a better choice because it owns advanced website technologic applications, simple and abundant user interface, highly customer-made and develop-elasticity and powerful scalability. It should be real tested sooner in the future.
List of Bibliography:
Open-source resource:
1. The GNU official website Retrieved 19 January 2009 from http://www.gnu.org/
2. Open Source Matters official website Retrieved 19 January 2009 from http://opensourcematters.org/
3. OpenSourceCMS official website Retrieved 19 January 2009 from http://www.opensourcecms.com/
4. OpenSourceCMS - php official website Retrieved 19 January 2009 from http://php.opensourcecms.com/
5. CommercialCMS official website Retrieved 19 January 2009 from http://www.commercialcms.com/
Portal site resource:
1. The Mambo official website Retrieved 19 January 2009 from http://www.mambocommunities.com/
2. Drupal official website Retrieved 19 January 2009 from http://drupal.org/
3. Drupal
4. Joomla
5. Joomla official website Retrieved 19 January 2009 from http://www.joomla.org
6. XOOPS official website Retrieved 24 January 2009 from http://www.xoops.org/
7. PHP-NUKE official website Retrieved 24 January 2009 from http://phpnuke.org/
Forums resource:
1. PHPBB official website Retrieved 19 January 2009 from http://www.phpbb.com/
2. Discuz official website Retrieved 22 January 2009 from http://www.discuz.net/
3. Vbb official website Retrieved 22 January 2009 from http://www.vbbonline.de/start.php?id_language=2
4. Simple Machines official website Retrieved 19 January 2009 from http://www.simplemachines.org/
5. Invision Power Services official website Retrieved 19 January 2009 from http://www.invisionpower.com/community/board/index.html
E-Commerce resource:
1. osCommerce official website Retrieved 22 January 2009 from http://www.oscommerce.com/
2. phpShop official website Retrieved 22 January 2009 from http://www.phpshop.org/
Blog resource:
6. Lifetype official website Retrieved 23 January 2009 from http://lifetype.net/
7. Wordpress official website Retrieved 24January 2009 from http://wordpress.org/
8. Movable Type official website Retrieved 24 January 2009 from http://www.movabletype.org/
Appendix - Joomla CMS website actual example:
Porsche
Mitsubishi official website http://www.mitsubishi.com/
Michael Jackson Official Website http://www.michaeljackson.com/
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